What is expansion cards peripheral and mouse(track ball optical)|

Expansion Cards

Most personal computers offers a number (typically up to 6) of expansion slots that allow you want to plug a new hardware component(a so-called expansion card) into.What is expansion cards peripheral and mouse.(track ball optical) What is expansion cards peripheral and mouse(track ball optical) these slots essentially connect the expansion card directly to the mother board (and hence to the cpu), thus enhancing the functionality of the computer. the types of hardware available as expansion cards spans a wide range What is expansion cards peripheral and mouse(track ball optical), from hardware required for very specialized tasks to very common applications.

(expantion cards)

for example , as noted we don't have way of interacting with the computer-we can't even see any of the great results it produced through all those difficut calculations. to remedy this we can equip our computer with  a display card (also often called a graphics card).

a display card allows the computer to display text and graphics on a connected monitor. without a display card, interaction with the computer is (to put it mildly) rather difficult. display cards differ in the number of colorsand the number of pixels they can display ,speed,and cost. (more on this in a later lesson)

Another every standard type of expansion cards is sound card that allows the computer to output sound. if you want to use your computer for recording music, or simply for playing CD's, you need a sound card.

more expansive sound card offer better sound quality, and more recent models add extra features like surround-sound capabilities. of course, a sound card alone still won't permit you to listen to your favorite  CD-you need a set of speaker as well. which brings us to the second way of adding hardware

Peripheral

the second type in which we can expand the functionalities of a computer is by hooking up an extrenal device to it. most of these device will provide a new way of either inputting or outputting data, and are therefore called input/output devices (often abbreviated as I/O  devices).An input device lets the user input data into the computer (hence the name), whereas an output device allows the computer to communicate its results to the outside world.

(peripheral)

We have already seen two examples of I/O  devices:the display and sound cards, both  of which usually come as expansion cards. External I/O  devices are often called peripherals: examples of such devices include (but we are by no means limited to):

monitor: enables the computer to provide information to the user by displaying it on the screen. monitors are devices that allow the computer to display information back to the user. this might be in either a text or graphical display. monitors come in various sizes, 14,15.17 and so on. the larger the monitor, the more expensive it is and the large the image.

(pc moniter)

high screen resolutions like 1024*7689 require a large monitor size like 21 (otherwise it looks so small when viewed on a 14 inch monitors have a number of important features, screen resolution refers, to the number of dots in the X  and Y  co-ordinates (640*480**600) , and refresh rate, which specifies the number of times per second that the image is drawn on the screen (60Hz means 60 times per second). you can learn more about monitors here and also require a higher refresh rate like 72Hz, in order to prevent the image on the screen flickering.

Keyboard

allows the user to input data into the computer keyboard allow users to enter commands and data into the computers system. the keyboard was the first input device developed for the PC . the standard keybord layout provides 104 keys organized as four group: alphanumeric keys (A-Z, 0-9),Location keys (home, end etc), numeric keypad, function keys(f1-f12)

(pc keyboard)

in addition to the standard keys, some keyboards offer functions such as volume control for speakers, web browser functions and power management.  data is transferred to the pc over a short cable with a circular 6-pin mini-din connector that plugs into the back of the motherboard.

Mouse

The mouse is the most common'pointing device' used in PCs. every mouse has two buttons and most have one or two scroll wheels. by default the left button is used to select items. the right button is assigned as a context or alternate menu, a single wheel is normally . set to scroll up and down on the active page. if a second wheel is present, it is usually assigned to scroll left and right on the page. a mouse is an inverted trackball device that has a number of selection buttons associated with it. the hand moves it across a flat surface, and its position is displayed on the screen. as the mouse is moved across the surface , its position displayed on the screen is updated to reflect its movement. the buttons are used to select items and make choices on the screen.

the mouse can significantly reduce user input by moving away from typing commands at the keyboard to clicking on buttons or other items displayed on the screen. you can learn more about the mouse in later chapters.

Track Ball 

This type of mouse uses a rolling (track) ball. as the mouse moves, the ball roll. the rolling motion is converted electrically into matching movements of the mouse pointer that moves across your video display the track ball mouse is rapidly becoming another casually or rapidly changing technology. the optical mouse has pretty much replaced it the track ball mouse is already becoming a thing of the past.

Optical

This mouse uses an infrared transmitter/receiver pair to optically detect the motion of the mouse.it has a number of advantages over the track ball mouse:no mouse pad is required, can work on any flat surface, no rolling track ball that collects and transfers dirt to the internal rollers, making them slip. when they do, your mouse pointer jumps around in an unpredictable and annoying way!

printer allows the user to print documents 

speaker/headphones enable the user to listen to the sounds produced by the computer.
microphone allows the user to record external sound into the computer: also for use in speech recognition. 
Joystick now a days mainly for use in computer games. 
Graphics Table often used by professional graphics artists: it allows for easier drawing than a mouse.
Virtual Reality Headset not yet commonly used...but that may well changes in the near future. most of these peripherals are optional. you are free to buy only those components that you require, fancy, and/or can afford.

when you mention the word "technology," most people think about computers. virtually every facet of our lives has some computerized component. the appliances in our homes have microprocessors built into them, as do our televisions. even our cars have a computer. but the computer that everyone thinks of first is typically the personal computer, or pc 
APC  is a general purpose tool built around a microprocessor. it has lots of different parts-memory, a hard disk, a modem, etc. that work together. "general purpose" means that you can do many different things with a PC . you can use it to type documents send e-mail, browse the web and play games. in this section, we will talk about PCs in the general sense and all the different parts that go into them. you will learn about the various components and how they work together in a basic operating session. you will also find out what the future may hold for these machines.

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